Response of HIV-associated proteinuria to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected children

HIV-associated nephropathy has been found in children with HIV-1 infection as a late manifestation of this disease; it is associated with nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and/or mesangial hyperplasia with microcystic tubular dilatation. This is quite rare in children and no cases have been reported from India. Several mechanisms have been hypothesized for the HIV-induced renal damage. We report on two HIV-infected children with HIV-associated proteinuria and dramatic response to antiretroviral therapy.